Madagascar's ex-presidents do battle at ballot box
Thirty-six candidates will do battle to win the presidency in Wednesday's polls.
The three frontrunners are former presidents and here are their profiles:
Ravalomanana: milkman-turned-millionaire
Marc Ravalomanana, 68, was ejected from power in 2009 and is looking to get his revenge at the ballot box.
A former milkman born to a peasant family, he went on to form an agro empire after creating Tiko yoghurt.
The newly wealthy self-made man became the mayor of Antananarivo in 1999.
Two years later he took power from outgoing president Didier Ratsiraka following violent street protests.
He was reelected in 2006 in the first round of voting and secured the cancellation of Madagascar's debt.
Self-made businessman Marc Ravalomanana served as mayor of Antananarivo before rising to the presidency. By RIJASOLO (AFP)
While his supporters lauded his indefatigable energy, critics accused him of acting like a dictator and criticism mounted from the end of 2008.
On February 7, 2009, his presidential guard opened fire on supporters of then Antananarivo mayor, Andry Rajoelina, as they marched on the presidential palace.
Ravalomanana was forced to hand power to the army who subsequently passed the presidential reins to his rival Rajoelina.
He then went into exile, not returning to the Indian Ocean island nation until the election of Hery Rajaonarimampianina in 2014.
Asked how he would react to a Rajoelina win, Ravalomanana told AFP: "I would accept the results, within limits".
Rajoelina: return of 'the disc jockey'?
Andry Rajoelina, 44, is the pollsters' favourite and has attracted impressive numbers to his rallies, which have featured performance artists and fireworks.
His policies have attracted ridicule from his rivals, such as a proposal to fit zebu cows with trackers to battle rustling, and a scheme to convert Tamatave port into a "Malagasy Miami".
Rajoelina burst onto the political scene in 2007.
Andry Rajoelina assumed the presidency after his predecessor Ravalomanana was forced to step down in 2009. By MARCO LONGARI (AFP)
He was previously known for promoting parties in the capital, earning him the nickname "the disc jockey", but caused an upset when he won the city's mayoral race.
Helped by his own Viva broadcasting channel and strong communications skills, he quickly established himself as the leading voice of opposition to then-president Ravalomanana.
His supporters openly defied the regime with the tacit support of the military, who helped oust Ravalomanana in 2009.
Rajoelina defended his elevation to the presidential palace on the wave of a coup d'etat.
"It was a popular uprising," he told AFP.
The handsome then thirty-something struggled to lead the country out of crisis as its unelected leader.
His rivals also accused him of turning a blind eye to the pillage of the country's natural resources.
His failings won him the nickname "crayfish" -- a crustacean that walks backwards.
Under international pressure, Rajoelina did not contest the 2013 election and backed his victorious former finance minister Hery Rajaonarimampianina.
The two men fell out shortly after and will face off at polls for the first time this year.
Rajaonarimampianina: economist and poet
Hery Rajaonarimampianina, who turns 60 on Tuesday prides himself on his low-key demeanour and is perhaps the most understated of the leading contenders.
As president, the economist hoped to turn the page on years of turmoil.
But his term from 2014 to 2018 did not escape the instability that has rocked the country since independence.
Rajaonarimampianina survived parliamentary manoeuvres to oust him as well as a mass protest movement earlier this year that claimed the lives of two people.
Hery Rajaonarimampianina served as finance minister before assuming the presidency in 2014. By RIJASOLO (AFP)
Before winning the top job, he served as Rajoelina's finance minister, overhauling the country's finances and integrating aid and private spending into the fiscal mix.
He also restored stability to the local currency.
But critics, especially in Rajoelina's camp, accuse him of having closed his eyes to the trafficking of endangered rosewood and precious stones.
He was a virtual unknown in 2013 but benefited from the election bans imposed on Ravalomanana and Rajoelina.
In line with the constitution, he resigned on September 7 to contest this year's polls.
He has promised the profoundly poor nation "a new phase in its development" if elected.
